What are the conditions that may classify an assembly as unlawful?

An assembly may be classified as unlawful when it involves the intention to perform a violent act, regardless of whether the intended act itself is lawful or unlawful. This is because violence or the potential for violence undermines public safety and order. When participants in an assembly decide to engage in violent behavior, it transforms the nature of the gathering, making it a threat to peace and safety. Thus, any assembly characterized by violent intentions trespasses legal boundaries, leading to its classification as unlawful.

In contrast, the other options reflect scenarios that do not inherently constitute unlawful assemblies. An assembly for a lawful purpose is typically protected by the right to free speech and assembly. Similarly, public speech without a permit may raise regulatory issues but does not automatically render the assembly unlawful unless it leads to violence or obstructs public order. Lastly, even though an assembly may be contingent on obtaining permission from authorities, the absence of such permission does not validly classify the assembly as unlawful unless it violates specific laws.