What action constitutes a refusal to disperse during an unlawful assembly?

Refusal to disperse during an unlawful assembly typically involves disregarding the commands of public officers who are attempting to restore order. When individuals ignore such commands, it indicates a willingness to remain at the assembly, even when instructed otherwise by law enforcement. This action reflects non-compliance with the legal directive to disperse, thereby constituting a refusal.

In contrast, attending an assembly without the intent to disrupt does not imply non-compliance with public orders, as the individual's presence isn't necessarily an act of defiance. Voluntarily leaving the assembly aligns with obeying public officers, making it the opposite of a refusal to disperse. Gathering solely for social purposes doesn't constitute an unlawful assembly or refusal to disperse, as it may not involve any illegal activity or disobey public officers.