How must private individuals state their authority in an arrest?

In situations where private individuals are involved in making an arrest, the correct method for them to state their authority is through a verbal declaration of authority. This means that the individual must clearly communicate their intentions to the person they are attempting to arrest, indicating that they are exercising their right to detain the person in question.

Verbal declaration is essential because it establishes the context of the arrest to the individual being detained, ensuring that they understand the nature of the situation. It is important for the arresting individual to make it clear that they are not just acting on personal whims but are invoking a recognized authority to take such action.

While other options may involve aspects of law enforcement procedures, they do not apply to private individuals acting in this context. Presenting a warrant or showing a badge is usually limited to law enforcement personnel who have formal authority, and contacting local police does not constitute a method of stating authority for an arrest but may be a procedural step in the process of detaining someone. Thus, a verbal declaration provides the clarity required in such a circumstance.